盐酸缬更昔洛韦片要注意什么？

It is an antiviral drug used to treat patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, and to prevent CMV infection in high-risk solid organ transplant patients. It needs to be taken long-term because it only suppresses the infection, not cures it.

What should patients pay attention to when using valganciclovir hydrochloride tablets?

Hematological disorders: Severe leukopenia, neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, and bone marrow failure, including aplastic anemia. May occur at any time during treatment and worsen with continued use; cell counts usually begin to recover within 3-7 days of stopping treatment. Do not use if the absolute neutrophil count is <500 cells/MM3, platelet count <25,000/m3, or hemoglobin <8 g/dl; use with caution in patients with myelosuppression, cytopenia, or patients receiving myelosuppressive drugs/radiation. Monitor CBC and platelet counts at baseline and frequently during treatment, especially in infants and patients with renal impairment, patients with prior drug-induced leukopenia, and patients with neutrophil counts <1000 cells/mm3 at the start of treatment.

Carcinogenicity/Teratogenicity: May temporarily or permanently inhibit sperm production and suppress fertility; may cause birth defects and cancer in humans. Due to its teratogenicity, women should take a pregnancy test before initiating pregnancy and use effective contraception during treatment and for 30 days after treatment; men should use barrier contraception during treatment and for 90 days after treatment.

Renal Impairment: Use with caution in patients with impaired renal function; dose adjustment required.

Elderly: Acute renal failure may occur in elderly patients with or without renal impairment, use with caution and adjust dosage based on renal function.

Liver Transplant Recipients: Not suitable for use in liver transplant patients (a higher incidence of tissue-infiltrating cytomegalovirus (CMV) was observed in the trial compared with oral ganciclovir).

Pediatrics: The preferred dosage form for pediatric patients is the oral solution; however, valganciclovir hydrochloride tablets may be used as long as the calculated dose is within 10% of the available tablet strength (450 mg). The use of tablets in the treatment of congenital cytomegalovirus disease has not been evaluated.