盐酸纳洛酮的不良反应是什么？

On April 30, 2021, Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC (Hikma) announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved nasal spray (NARCAN Nasal Spray) for the emergency treatment of known or suspected opioid overdose, such as respiratory and/or central nervous system depression, in adult and pediatric patients. Naloxone can competitively bind to opioid receptors, block the respiratory depressant effect of opioid formation, inhibit gland secretion, increase blood oxygen partial pressure, and reduce pulmonary hypertension. So, what are the adverse reactions of naloxone hydrochloride?

Adverse reactions of naloxone hydrochloride

In a pharmacokinetic study of 30 healthy adult volunteers exposed to one spray of NARCAN Nasal Spray in one nostril or two sprays of NARCAN Nasal Spray in each nostril, the most common symptoms were: increased blood pressure, constipation, toothache, muscle cramps, musculoskeletal pain, headache, nasal dryness, nasal edema, nasal congestion, nasal inflammation, nasal pain, and dry skin.

Adverse reactions of postoperative naloxone hydrochloride

The following adverse reactions were primarily noted when naloxone hydrochloride was used in the postoperative setting after its approval. Because these reactions are voluntarily reported by a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure: hypotension, hypertension, ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, dyspnea, pulmonary edema, and cardiac arrest. Death, coma, and encephalopathy have been reported as sequelae of these events. Excessive doses of naloxone hydrochloride in postoperative patients can significantly reverse the analgesic effect and cause agitation.

In patients with physical dependence on opioids, the sudden reversal of opioid effects precipitates the acute withdrawal syndrome. Signs and symptoms include: body aches, fever, sweating, runny nose, sneezing, piloerection, yawning, weakness, shaking or shaking, nervousness, restlessness or irritability, diarrhea, nausea or vomiting, abdominal cramping, elevated blood pressure, tachycardia. In some patients, sudden reversal of opioid overdose may result in aggressive behavior. In newborns, signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal also include convulsions, excessive crying, and hyperreflexia.

Recommended related articles: