儿童怎么使用盐酸纳洛酮？

Naloxone Hydrochloride Nasal Spray (NARCAN Nasal Spray) is an opioid antagonist that antagonizes the effects of opioids by competing for the same receptor sites. Administration may reverse the effects of opioids, including respiratory depression, sedation, and hypotension. Naloxone has a long history of safe use as the standard of care for reversing opioid overdose. So, how do children use naloxone hydrochloride?

Can children use naloxone hydrochloride?

The safety and effectiveness of NARCAN Nasal Spray have been established in pediatric patients of all ages for known or suspected opioid overdose presenting with respiratory and/or central nervous system depression. Bioequivalence studies in adults and evidence of the safe and effective use of other naloxone hydrochloride formulations support the use of naloxone hydrochloride in all pediatric patients. No pediatric studies have been conducted on NARCAN nasal spray.

How to use naloxone hydrochloride in children

Absorption of naloxone hydrochloride may be erratic or delayed in pediatric patients following intranasal administration. Even if a pediatric patient with opioid poisoning responds appropriately to naloxone hydrochloride, he or she must be carefully monitored for at least 24 hours because relapse may occur after naloxone hydrochloride is metabolized.

In opioid-dependent pediatric patients, including neonates, administration of naloxone hydrochloride may cause a sudden and complete reversal of the effects of the opioid, precipitating an acute opioid withdrawal syndrome. Unlike adult opioid withdrawal syndrome, neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome can be life-threatening (if unrecognized) and should be treated according to a protocol developed by a neonatology specialist.

In neonates with known or suspected maternal opioid exposure, it is best to avoid sudden induction of opioid withdrawal symptoms and consider the use of alternative naloxone-containing products that can be weight-based and titrated to onset of action.

Additionally, considering the availability of alternative naloxone-containing products than NARCAN nasal spray is more appropriate in settings where the primary concern is infants at risk for opioid overdose.

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