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Ondansetron is a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. Although its mechanism of action has not been fully characterized, ondansetron is not a dopamine receptor antagonist. 5-HT3 type serotonin receptors are present in the periphery of the vagus nerve terminals and in the center of the chemoreceptor triggering zone in the postcentral area. It is uncertain whether the antiemetic effects of ondansetron are mediated centrally, peripherally, or both. However, cytotoxic chemotherapy appears to be associated with the release of serotonin from enterochromaffin cells in the small intestine. In humans, urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) excretion increases following cisplatin administration concurrent with the onset of vomiting. The released serotonin can stimulate vagal afferents through 5-HT3 receptors and trigger the gag reflex. Does the tablet need to be taken on an empty stomach?

Ondansetron hydrochloride tablets are suitable for nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic drug chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It can also prevent and treat nausea and vomiting after surgery. However, due to different conditions of patients, it is not clear whether it should be taken before or after meals. Instead, the medication time must be determined according to the specific treatment time.

For patients with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, (1) Adults: For vomiting caused by highly emetic chemotherapy drugs, 8 mg should be injected intravenously 15 minutes before chemotherapy, 4 hours, and 8 hours after chemotherapy, and 8 mg should be taken orally every 8 to 12 hours after stopping chemotherapy for 5 days; for vomiting caused by chemotherapy drugs that are not very emetic, 8 mg should be injected intravenously 15 minutes before chemotherapy, and 8 mg should be taken orally every 8 to 12 hours for 5 days. For vomiting caused by radiotherapy, the first dose must be taken orally 8mg 1 to 2 hours before radiotherapy, and 8mg every 8 hours thereafter. The course of treatment depends on the course of radiotherapy. To prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting, 4 mg should be injected intravenously during anesthesia or 8 mg tablet should be taken orally 1 hour before anesthesia, and then 8 mg tablet should be taken orally twice every 8 hours. High-dose cisplatin can be added intravenously with 20 mg dexamethasone sodium phosphate before chemotherapy, which can enhance the efficacy of this product on vomiting caused by highly emetic chemotherapy. (2) Children: Intravenous injection at a dose of 5 mg/m2 (body surface area) before chemotherapy, and then oral administration 12 hours later; oral administration should be continued for 5 days after chemotherapy.

Note: The above information comes from the Internet and is compiled and edited by Medical Companion Travel (please correct me if there are any errors or omissions). It is only to provide information on the latest drugs on the market in the world and help Chinese patients understand the latest international new drug trends. It is only for internal discussion among medical staff and does not serve as any basis for medication. For specific medication guidelines, please consult the attending physician.

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