Is Cabergoline safe for long-term use and its potential effects on the body?

Cabergoline is a dopamine receptor agonist that mainly inhibits the secretion of pituitary prolactin (PRL) by stimulating dopamine D2 receptors in the brain and is used to treat hyperprolactinemia, pituitary tumors and some patients with Parkinson's disease. Compared with other dopamine agonists, cabergoline has a longer half-life, can be taken 1-2 times a week, and has good compliance. Its long-term safety has been a focus of clinical attention, especially in terms of controlling prolactin levels and delaying the growth of pituitary tumors.

Clinical studies have shown that most patients with hyperprolactinemia can achieve stable efficacy with long-term use of cabergoline, while adverse reactions are relatively controllable. Common side effects include hypotension, dizziness, nausea, fatigue, etc. Most of them are mild to moderate and can be relieved by themselves. Some studies have suggested that long-term use of high-dose cabergoline may be associated with the risk of heart valve thickening or fibrosis, but the incidence of serious adverse cardiac events is low when the dose is controlled (usually ≤0.5-1 mg/week) and regular follow-up. Therefore, long-term treatment should strictly follow physician guidance and be assessed based on individual risks.

Long-term use of cabergoline may have effects on the cardiovascular system, liver function, and psychological status. In terms of cardiovascular disease, it is recommended to perform cardiac color ultrasound and blood pressure monitoring before treatment and during long-term use to detect heart valve changes or abnormal heart rhythm in a timely manner. People with impaired liver function need to use medication with caution and have liver function indicators reviewed regularly. Psychologically, a small number of patients may experience impulsive behavior, mood swings or hallucinations, and should promptly communicate with their doctor to adjust the dosage or discontinue medication. Regular blood tests, prolactin monitoring and imaging follow-up are important means to ensure long-term safety.
Overall, long-term use of cabergoline is safe and effective in most patients, but it must follow the principle of "low dose initiation and gradual adjustment" and individualized management based on the patient's condition. Patients should pay close attention to changes in their symptoms and regularly review prolactin levels, cardiac ultrasound and liver function to reduce potential risks. For patients at high doses or with underlying heart disease, doctors may recommend lowering the dose or choosing an alternative drug. Proper monitoring and personalized medication are key to ensuring the long-term safe use of cabergoline.
Reference: https://www.drugs.com/