Cabotegravir instructions

1. Indications: Cabotegravir (Cabotegravir) is used to treat HIV-1 infection and can be used as part of the combined antiretroviral treatment (cART) program. It is an integrase inhibitor that inhibits the integrase activity of the HIV virus to prevent the virus from replicating and multiplying in host cells, thereby reducing the number of viruses in the body, maintaining the patient's immune function, and delaying the progression of HIV disease.

2. Mechanism of action: The mechanism of action of cabotegravir is to prevent viral replication by inhibiting the integrase activity ofHIV. HIVAfter infecting a host cell, the virus transcribes its RNA into DNA and integrates it into the genome of the host cell, allowing the virus to replicate and multiply within the host cell. Cabotegravir binds to HIVintegrase, preventing it from catalyzing the integration process of DNA chains, thereby inhibiting HIV replication and spread.

3. Pharmacology: Pharmacological characteristics of cabotegravir’s absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion in the body:

1.Absorption: Cabotegravir can be effectively absorbed after oral administration, but its bioavailability is low, so it is often used in other administration methods.

2.Distribution: Cabotegravir can be distributed through the blood to various tissues and organs throughout the body, including lymphoid tissue and the central nervous system.

3.Metabolism: Cabotegravir is mainly metabolized by the liver, most of which is metabolized by cellular esterases.

4.Excretion: Excretion via kidneys and feces, in which drugs and their metabolites are mainly excreted in the form of feces.

4. Dosage and usage: The dosage and usage of cabotegravir should be determined according to the specific situation of the patient, and should be adjusted and monitored by a professional doctor.

Starting dose:600mg, gluteal muscle injection, once a month, continuous injection for 2 months; follow-up dose: 600mg, gluteal muscle injection, once every 2 months.

Generally, cabotegravir can be used as part of a combination antiretroviral treatment regimen with other antiretroviral drugs. The specific dosage and usage may vary depending on the patient's age, gender, liver and kidney function and other factors. Patients should use medications strictly in accordance with the doctor's prescriptions and instructions, and review them regularly to ensure treatment effectiveness and monitor potential side effects.

5. Side effects: The use of cabotegravir may cause some side effects. The following are some common side effects, but not all patients will experience them:

1.Gastrointestinal reactions: such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach discomfort, etc.

2.Headache and dizziness.

3.Fatigue and weakness.

4.Skin reactions: such as rash, allergic reaction, etc.

5.Elevated liver enzymes: Long-term use may lead to abnormal liver function.

6.Abnormal lipid metabolism: such as elevated blood lipids.

7.Bone problems: Long-term use may lead to reduced bone density.

8.Immune system problems: May increase the risk of contracting other diseases.

If patients experience the above side effects or other uncomfortable symptoms while using cabotegravir, they should report it to their doctor in time for timely treatment and adjustment of the treatment plan.

6. Warnings and precautions:

1.Drug allergy: It is prohibited to be used by patients who are allergic to cabotegravir or other integrase inhibitors.

2.Liver problems: Cabotegravir may affect liver function, leading to elevated liver enzymes and abnormal liver function. While patients are taking cabotegravir, liver function monitoring should be performed regularly, especially for patients with a history of liver disease or those who are concurrently taking other drugs that may have an impact on the liver. Close monitoring is needed.

3.Kidney problems: Cabotegravir use may also be associated with kidney problems, including reduced glomerular filtration rate and kidney damage. Patients should regularly monitor renal function during treatment and avoid concurrent use of other drugs that may have adverse effects on the kidneys.

4.Cardiovascular problems: In some studies, the use of cabotegravir may be associated with cardiovascular problems, such as an increased rate of cardiac events. Especially for patients with existing cardiovascular disease, physicians should carefully assess their cardiovascular risk before using cabotegravir and monitor cardiovascular indicators during treatment.

5.Abnormal lipid metabolism: Long-term use of antiretroviral drugs may affect lipid metabolism, leading to increased cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels. Patients should pay attention to diet and lifestyle adjustments and avoid bad eating habits and lack of exercise to control abnormal lipid metabolism.

6.Bone problems: Long-term use of cabotegravir may cause a decrease in bone density and increase the risk of fractures. The doctor may recommend that the patient undergo a bone density check and, if necessary, take preventive measures, such as calcium and vitamin D supplements.

7.Immune system problems: Long-term use of antiretroviral drugs may affect the immune system, leading to changes in immune function. This may increase the patient's risk of contracting other diseases. Patients should avoid contact with sources of infectious diseases during treatment and maintain good personal hygiene and health habits.

6. Contraindications:

Patients allergic to cabotegravir or integrase inhibitors.

Pregnant women: Cabotegravir may have adverse effects on the fetus during pregnancy, so its use by pregnant women is prohibited.

7. Drug interactions: Cabotegravir may interact when used simultaneously with other drugs, affecting its efficacy or increasing the risk of adverse reactions. Here are some possible drug interactions:

1.Drug-drug interactions: Cabotegravir may interact with other antiretroviral drugs, affecting their drug concentrations or metabolic processes. Before receiving cabotegravir treatment, patients should inform their doctors about other drugs they are taking so that their doctors can adjust their treatment plan based on interactions.

2.Drug-food interactions: Cabotegravir may affect its absorption and bioavailability when taken simultaneously with high-fat foods. Patients should try to avoid high-fat foods while taking cabotegravir.

3.Interactions between drugs and drug metabolizing enzymes: Cabotegravir may affect the metabolism of other drugs, causing their concentrations to increase or decrease. Patients should inform their doctors of other medications they are taking while taking cabotegravir so that their doctors can consider interactions and make adjustments accordingly.

8. Medication for special groups:

1.Children: The use of cabotegravir in children is still in the research stage. For children under 18 years of age, use should be carefully considered and treated under the supervision of a professional doctor.

2.Elderly patients: Elderly patients may have a slower response to drug metabolism and excretion, so medication in elderly patients should be adjusted based on liver and kidney function and other health conditions.

3.Pregnant and lactating women: The use of cabotegravir in pregnant and lactating women is prohibited due to possible adverse effects on the fetus and infant.

9. Availability and price situation: Cabotegravir is not currently on the market in China, so patients cannot purchase it domestically and need to purchase cabotegravir through overseas channels. Foreign cabotegravir only has original drugs, mainly European original drugs, and the price is very high, about 16,000 yuan.

The above is the content of cabotegravir's instructions. Patients should carefully read the drug instructions before using cabotegravir, follow the doctor's recommendations and prescriptions, and conduct regular health monitoring and review to ensure the best therapeutic effect and reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions. While using cabotegravir, patients should pay close attention to their physical condition and report any discomfort or abnormal reactions to their doctor at any time so that the treatment plan can be adjusted in a timely manner or necessary measures can be taken.

For patients receiving long-term antiretroviral therapy, especially high-risk groups using long-acting preventive antiretroviral therapy (LAPR), regular medical examinations and reexaminations are particularly important. During the treatment process, doctors will conduct a comprehensive assessment of the patient, including examinations of liver and kidney function, cardiovascular health, lipid metabolism status, bone density and other aspects to ensure the patient's safety and efficacy during the medication.