Symptoms and manifestations of multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma is a malignant tumor originating from bone marrow plasma cells and is a type of plasma cell disease in the blood system. It originates from the abnormal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow, which produces a large amount of monoclonal immunoglobulins, leading to damage to the functions of bones, kidneys, immune systems and other organs. Multiple myeloma tends to occur in middle-aged and elderly people, especially in the 50-60 age group. The incidence rate in men is slightly higher than in women. Because its onset is insidious and early symptoms may not be obvious, it is often misdiagnosed or missed.

The symptoms and manifestations of multiple myeloma are diverse. Bone pain is one of the most common symptoms. The pain mostly occurs in the lumbosacral region, sternum, ribs and limbs. In severe cases, it may lead to pathological fractures. Anemia is also a typical manifestation of multiple myeloma. As the disease progresses, anemia symptoms may gradually worsen. In addition, renal function impairment, hypercalcemia, recurrent infections, hyperviscosity syndrome, bleeding tendencies, and neurological damage are also common complications of multiple myeloma. The occurrence of these symptoms not only affects the patient's quality of life, but may also pose a threat to life.

Drug therapy is one of the main methods in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Commonly used therapeutic drugs include immunomodulators, proteasome inhibitors, glucocorticoids, and traditional chemotherapy drugs. Among them, immunomodulators such as lenalidomide and thalidomide can regulate the function of the immune system and inhibit the growth of tumor cells; proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib and carfilzomib can inhibit the proteasome function of tumor cells and block their normal protein metabolism; glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone and prednisone can control the growth and spread of tumors and reduce inflammatory reactions. In addition, traditional chemotherapy drugs such as melphalan and doxorubicin also play an important role in the treatment of multiple myeloma.

It should be noted that each patient's situation is different, and the treatment plan should be individually formulated based on the patient's specific condition, age, physical condition and other factors. During the treatment process, patients should actively cooperate with the doctor's treatment suggestions and maintain a good mentality and lifestyle to improve the treatment effect and quality of life.