What tumors do solid tumors include?

A solid tumor is a mass that originates from a specific organ or tissue. It is usually formed by abnormal proliferation of cells and does not contain fluid or cystic structures. Unlike hematological tumors (such as leukemias and lymphomas), solid tumors can clearly show up as dense solid structures on imaging studies. Solid tumors may be benign (not aggressive) or malignant (may spread or metastasize). Malignant solid tumors usually present as cancer and require treatment such as surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.

There are many types of solid tumors involving multiple systems and organs, including:

1.Breast cancer: occurs in breast tissue and is the most common malignant solid tumor in women.

2.Lung cancer: derived from the epithelial tissue of the lungs, including non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer.

3.Liver cancer: Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common type, and there are also subtypes such as cholangiocarcinoma.

4.Gastric cancer: Derived from the gastric mucosal epithelium, it is a common type of solid tumor in the digestive system.

5.Colorectal cancer: A malignant solid tumor involving the colon or rectum. In addition, there are brain tumors (such as glioma), prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer and osteosarcoma.

Solid tumors in children differ from those in adults, and common types include neuroblastoma (which affects the nervous system), Wilms' tumor (Wilm's tumor), and rhabdomyosarcoma. Children's solid tumors are usually related to genetic mutations or congenital anomalies, and their pathogenesis is complex. However, treatments are mostly based on chemotherapy and surgery, combined with radiotherapy.

Treatment of solid tumors depends on the type of tumor, its stage and the patient's overall health. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for localized solid tumors, while radiation therapy and chemotherapy are often used to control or shrink tumors. In recent years, targeted therapy and immunotherapy have made significant progress in the treatment of solid tumors, especially in advanced or metastatic solid tumors, providing patients with more choices and hope.

(Click to view an introduction to drugs for the treatment of solid tumors.)

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Reference materials

National Cancer Institute - Solid Tumors

https://www.cancer.gov/