Which tumors are solid tumors?

Solid tumors are masses formed by abnormal proliferation of parenchymal cells in organs or tissues and have a clear structure and morphology. Unlike hematological tumors (such as leukemia and lymphoma), solid tumors are malignant tumors or benign tumors that mainly manifest as solid lesions. This type of tumor can appear in any tissue or organ in the body that contains parenchymal cells, such as the breast, lung, stomach, and liver.

There are many types of solid tumors, mainly including the following categories:

1.Breast cancer: occurs in breast tissue and is common in women. It is one of the most malignant solid tumors with a high incidence rate worldwide.

2.Lung cancer: including non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer, it is a solid tumor with a high fatality rate.

3.Liver cancer: Primary liver cancer mainly consists of hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and is closely related to hepatitis B virus infection.

4.Stomach cancer and colorectal cancer: belong to digestive system tumors, with insidious symptoms in the early stage and high invasiveness in the late stage.

Tumors of the central nervous system are also solid tumors: Primary tumors of the brain and spinal cord, such as glioblastoma and medulloblastoma, are also solid tumors. Due to their special location, these tumors face many challenges in treatment and prognosis. Although the incidence of brain tumors is low, their impact on quality of life is significant.

Other common solid tumors:

Tumors of the urinary system: such as renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, and prostate cancer.

Gynecological tumors: such as endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer and cervical cancer.

Skin tumors: such as melanoma and basal cell carcinoma.

The pathogenesis of these tumors is different, but they all belong to the category of solid tumors.

The diagnosis of solid tumors is usually confirmed by imaging studies (eg, CT, MRI, PET-CT) and histopathological analysis. Treatment options include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Specific options vary depending on tumor type, stage, and patient conditions. The rise of precision medicine is significantly improving the treatment of solid tumors.

(Click to view an introduction to drugs for the treatment of solid tumors.)

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Reference materials

American Cancer Society - Types of Cancer

https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types.html