阿法脱氧核糖核酸酶吸入剂的用法用量

Alfa deoxyribonuclease inhalation is an important drug in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Correct use of it is crucial to the therapeutic effect. This article will introduce in detail the standardized usage and dosage of this drug, possible side effects, and medication precautions for special groups, providing a reference for rational clinical use of medication.

Usage and dosage of alfa deoxyribonuclease inhalation

The use needs to strictly follow the recommended regimen and be used under the guidance of a professional physician.

Standard dosage regimen

The recommended dose is 2.5 mg (single dose ampoule) once daily, inhaled through a dedicated nebulizer. Drugs should be administered using a jet atomizer or vibrating mesh atomizer connected to an air compressor to ensure full atomization of the drug. The properties of the liquid should be checked before each use. It can be used only if it is transparent and colorless.

Nebulizer selection and use

Approved special atomizer systems must be used, including jet atomizers such as PARI LC PLUS or vibrating mesh atomizers such as eFlow. The eRapid nebulizer is only suitable for adults and children who can use oral inhalation. The atomizer should be thoroughly cleaned according to the instructions after each use to avoid cross-contamination.

Key points of drug administration operations

Exhale fully before inhalation, inhale the drug aerosol slowly and deeply, hold your breath for 2-3 seconds and then exhale slowly. Rinse your mouth thoroughly after inhalation to reduce drug residue in the oropharynx. Avoid using it with other inhaled drugs at the same time. If combined use is necessary, there should be an interval of at least 1 hour.

Side effects of alfa deoxyribonuclease inhalation

Understanding the side effects of alfa deoxyribonuclease inhalation can help with early identification and intervention.

Common adverse reactions

Voice change (highest incidence), pharyngitis and laryngitis are the most common upper respiratory tract reactions. Chest pain is mostly mild and related to inhalation procedures. The incidence of rash is about 3%, and it mostly manifests as contact dermatitis.

Respiratory system reaction

Some patients may experience a ≥10% decrease in FVC or difficulty breathing. These reactions are usually transient and can be relieved with continued medication. If symptoms persist or worsen, lung function should be evaluated and treatment adjustments considered.

Other systemic reactions

Conjunctivitis, rhinitis, and fever occur less frequently and usually do not require special treatment. These symptoms are mostly related to local irritation or immune response to drugs, and can be treated symptomatically when the symptoms are obvious.

Usage of alfa deoxyribonuclease inhalant for special groups

Individual differences need to be considered when using alfa deoxyribonuclease inhalant for different groups of people.

Pediatric patients

Standard doses can be used for children over 5 years old. Young children should use a face mask nebulizer and inhale under adult supervision. Clinical studies confirm its safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients.

Pregnant and lactating women

Existing data do not show adverse effects on the fetus, but the use of the drug in pregnant women still needs to be carefully evaluated. There are limited data on the safety of medication during lactation. It is recommended to decide whether to continue breastfeeding after weighing the pros and cons.

Elderly patients

Most patients with cystic fibrosis are children and adolescents, and data on elderly patients are limited. If patients over 65 years old need to use it, it is recommended to start with the standard dose and closely monitor adverse reactions.

Standard use of alfa deoxyribonuclease inhalation requires mastering the correct administration method, understanding possible side effects, and developing an individualized plan based on patient characteristics. Through rational use of drugs, drug efficacy can be maximized and the lung function and quality of life of patients with cystic fibrosis can be improved.