依普利酮使用量多少？

Binds to mineralocorticoid receptors, thereby blocking the binding of aldosterone, a component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Aldosterone synthesis occurs primarily in the adrenal gland and is regulated by multiple factors, including angiotensin II and non-RAAS mediators such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and potassium. Aldosterone binds to mineralocorticoid receptors in epithelial tissues (such as the kidneys) and non-epithelial tissues (such as the heart, blood vessels, and brain) and increases blood pressure by inducing sodium reabsorption and possibly other mechanisms.

How much eplerenone should be used? 

Usual dosage for adults with congestive heart failure

1. Initial dose: 25 mg orally, once a day; and gradually increase to the target dose within 4 weeks as tolerated by the patient. 

2. Target dose: 50 mg, orally, once a day.

Common dosages for adults with high blood pressure

1. Eplerenone can be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive drugs.

2. Initial dose: 50 mg orally, once a day

3. Maintenance dose: 50 mg, orally, 1-2 times a day

4. Maximum dose: 100 mg/day

5. Obvious antihypertensive effect appears within four weeks of taking the drug. Patients whose blood pressure responds inadequately to the initial dose may be increased to 50 mg twice daily.

Endocrine and metabolic side effects with >10% are: hyperkalemia ([heart failure, post-myocardial infarction: >5.5 meq/L: 16%; ≥6 meq/L: 6%, [hypertension, >5.5 meq/L: 400 mg: 9%; dose ≤200 mg: ≤1%]), hypertriglyceridemia (1%-15%; dose related). 1%-10% of side effects: Central nervous system: dizziness, fatigue, endocrine and metabolic: hyponatremia (2%; dose-related), proteinuria, gynecomastia, hypercholesterolemia; gastrointestinal tract: diarrhea, abdominal pain; genitourinary system: abnormal vaginal bleeding (≤2%), mastalgia (men: ≤1%); kidney: increased serum creatinine (heart failure, post-myocardial infarction: 6%); respiratory system: cough, flu-like symptoms. Symptoms of angioedema, increased blood urea nitrogen, increased liver enzymes, increased uric acid, and rash may occur in <1% of cases.