培米替尼联合阿那莫林治疗胆管癌有什么好处？

The main benefits of pemetinib combined with anamorelin in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma are to significantly improve the disease control rate, prolong the progression-free survival of patients, and improve the quality of life of cancer patients. The combination of drugs needs to be used under the guidance of a doctor to achieve good therapeutic effects.

Indications for pemetinib

Also known as pemigatinib, it is indicated for the treatment of adults with previously treated, unresectable locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma who have fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) fusions or other rearrangements detected by an FDA-approved test.

Cholangiocarcinoma is the most common primary malignant tumor affecting the biliary tract and the second most common primary liver malignant tumor. This malignant tumor accounts for 15%-20% of primary hepatobiliary malignancies and 13% of global cancer-related mortality. As research into the pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma and potential therapeutic targets for anticancer drugs continues to increase, with recent studies showing that up to 45% of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma exhibit genetic rearrangements leading to the production of oncogenic fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGFR2) fusion proteins, the FDA-approved indication for pemigatinib was accelerated based on overall response rate and duration of response in premarket clinical trials.

The mechanism of action of pemetinib

Pemetinib is a small molecule kinase inhibitor with anti-tumor activity. It acts by inhibiting fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), a receptor tyrosine kinase that activates signaling pathways in tumor cells. FGFR has gained attention as a potential therapeutic target in selected cancers because FGFR genetic alterations have been observed in a variety of cancers, including bladder, breast, ovarian, prostate, endometrial, lung, and gastric cancers. Dysregulated FGFR signaling can lead to the development of oncogenes and pro-tumor physiological processes, such as cancer cell proliferation, enhanced angiogenesis, and evasion of cell death.

Anamorelin

Anamorelin is a drug that specifically targets cancer cachexia. Cachexia has a high incidence rate in patients with malignant tumors. 50%-80% of patients will experience varying degrees of cachexia, and about 30% of them die due to weight loss caused by cancer cachexia. Anamorelin can effectively increase patients' appetite, improve muscle mass, and increase weight. It has long-lasting efficacy and good safety. It can indirectly increase the absorption of targeted drugs in the body and contribute to disease control.

Benefits of pemetinib combined with anamorelin in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma

Pemetinib is a targeted therapy for cholangiocarcinoma that blocks the growth and spread of tumor cells by inhibiting the activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR).

Pemetinib combined with anamorelin may target different biological mechanisms of cholangiocarcinoma, thereby providing a more comprehensive therapeutic effect. Anamorelin may help improve patients' nutritional status and quality of life, while pemetinib targets specific target treatments of tumor cells. In clinical studies, pemetinib has demonstrated good anti-tumor activity and safety, can significantly improve the disease control rate (DCR) and objective response rate (ORR), and prolong the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients.

Adverse reactions of pemetinib

The most common adverse reactions of pemetinib are hyperphosphatemia and hypophosphatemia, alopecia, diarrhea, nail toxicity, fatigue, and taste disturbance , nausea, constipation, stomatitis, dry eyes, dry mouth, decreased appetite, vomiting, joint pain, abdominal pain, back pain and dry skin, etc. Other common adverse reactions include rash, anemia, epistaxis, serous retinal detachment, limb pain, indigestion, blurred vision, peripheral edema and dizziness.

If the adverse reactions are not serious, special treatment is generally not required. However, if it is intolerable, you need to go to the hospital in time and handle it under the guidance of a doctor. For example, patients with dry mouth should pay attention to keeping their mouth and teeth clean, drinking plenty of liquids and avoiding acidic foods such as lemons. Chewing gum can help keep their mouth moist.

Summary

Although pemetinib combined with anamorelin has a certain effect in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma, it needs to be used under the guidance of a doctor. You cannot blindly take the medicine by yourself to avoid delaying treatment if the combination is not suitable for your condition.

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