The role and effectiveness of Nivolumab

Nivolumab (Nivolumab) is a fully human monoclonal IgG4 antibody that binds to the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor with high specificity and affinity. PD-1 is expressed on T cells and inhibits their immune response by binding to the ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 on APCs. This mechanism is key to regulating central and peripheral tolerance.

However, in cancer, abnormalities in tumor cells or immune cells in the tumor microenvironmentPD-L1 expression inactivates PD-1-expressing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, allowing tumor cells to evade immune recognition and clearance. By inhibiting PD-1 function, nivolumab frees immune cells from pathological immunosuppression, allowing them to recognize and fight tumor cells. In some cases, nivolumab prolongs life when used in combination with other drugs, while in other cases, it works better on its own. In other types of cancer, it does not provide a survival benefit over existing treatments, but patients may be more likely to respond to nivolumab treatment than to the treatments to which it was compared.

The generic drug Nivolumab is currently on the market in China, but it has not yet been included in medical insurance. This drug is a strictly controlled drug, and its purchase channels are restricted. Specifications The price of each box of 40mg/4ml may be around RMB 4,000. The Turkish version of the nivolumab generic drug listed overseas may cost more than RMB 2,000 per box of 40mg/4ml (the price may fluctuate due to exchange rates). Currently, there is no generic version of nivolumab available on the market. For more drug information and specific prices, please consult a medical consultant.