盐酸纳洛酮鼻喷雾剂的副作用及其管理详解

Introduction: Naloxone Hydrochloride Nasal Spray is a drug used to treat opioid overdose. Although the drug is convenient and fast to treat, it can also cause some adverse reactions during treatment, such as increased blood pressure, constipation, nasal inflammation, nasal edema, musculoskeletal pain, etc. Patients can handle it under the guidance of a doctor. This article will introduce the side effects of naloxone hydrochloride nasal spray and how to deal with them.

Proper use of Naloxone Hydrochloride Nasal Spray

Naloxone Hydrochloride Nasal Spray is administered intranasally through a single nostril. When initially administered, the recommended initial dose in adult and pediatric patients is 1 spray. Keep the nozzle perpendicular to the patient's nostril, aim it at the inside of the nostril, and press the nozzle to spray. Make sure the medicine goes directly deep into the nasal cavity. You should seek professional medical help promptly after the first dose.

Side Effects

The most common adverse reactions during treatment with naloxone hydrochloride nasal spray are increased blood pressure, musculoskeletal pain, headache, nasal congestion, nasal dryness, nasal edema, nasal inflammation, constipation, toothache, muscle spasm, nasal pain, and dry skin.

Naloxone Hydrochloride Nasal Spray may also precipitate opioid withdrawal, primarily characterized by sneezing, piloerection, yawning, body aches, diarrhea, runny nose, sweating, tachycardia, fever, nausea or vomiting, restlessness or irritability, abdominal cramping, shaking or shaking, weakness, and increased blood pressure. In newborns, opioid withdrawal, if not recognized and appropriately treated, can be life-threatening and includes seizures, excessive crying, and hyperreflexia.

Management of side effects

For patients with nasal congestion, you can try nasal irrigation to remove nasal secretions and drug residues and improve nasal ventilation. If nasal congestion is severe, nasal decongestants can be used, but they should be used under the guidance of a doctor. Patients with dry nose should maintain appropriate indoor humidity and use a humidifier to help relieve nasal dryness. Nasal moisturizer can be used to lubricate the nasal cavity and reduce dryness. For patients with abnormal blood pressure, their blood pressure should be continuously monitored, their position should be adjusted according to changes in blood pressure, or appropriate vasoactive drugs should be given. If suspected withdrawal symptoms occur, symptomatic treatment can be given according to the symptoms, such as antipyretics, analgesics, anticonvulsants, etc. Severe withdrawal symptoms may require hospitalization for observation and medication.

Precautions

After using naloxone hydrochloride nasal spray, the patient should be closely observed for improvement in breathing and consciousness, and whether there are any side effects. Because complications of opioid overdose may be delayed, even if the patient's symptoms improve, emergency services should be called immediately to transport the patient to a medical facility for further evaluation and treatment.