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奈妥吡坦怎么使用？
In recent years, although new anti-tumor drugs such as molecular targeted drugs and immunotherapy drugs have emerged in an endless stream, chemotherapy is still the main method of tumor treatment. Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is the most common adverse reaction, with an incidence rate as high as 60% to 80%, seriously affecting patients' compliance and quality of life. Serotonin 3 receptor antagonist (5-HT3RA) is a widely used antiemetic drug in clinical practice. It inhibits the release of 5-HT receptors by binding to them, blocking the conduction of vomiting impulses. (AKYNZEO) is a second-generation 5-HT3RA. Its affinity for 5-HT3 receptors is 30 to 100 times that of the first generation, and its half-life is about 40 hours. So, how to use Netupitant?
How to use Netopitant
AKYNZEO and dexamethasone in adults for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with the use of emetogenic chemotherapy are shown in Table 1. AKYNZEO capsules can be taken with or without food.
Table 1: Antiemetic treatment options
|
Treatment Plan |
First Day |
Days 2 to 4 |
|
|
Highly emetic chemotherapy, including cisplatin-based chemotherapy |
|||
|
Arcanzio Capsules |
1 capsule of AKYNZEO |
1 hour before chemotherapy |
Dexamethasone 8 mg once daily |
|
Dexamethasone 12 mg |
30 minutes before chemotherapy |
||
|
Arcanzio Injection and AKYNZEO Injection |
1 bottle of AKYNZEO |
Start at 30 minutes and infuse over 30 minutes Before chemotherapy [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)] |
Dexamethasone 8 mg once daily |
|
Dexamethasone 12 mg |
30 minutes before chemotherapy |
||
|
Chemotherapy based on anthracyclines and cyclophosphamide and chemotherapy that is not taken seriously Emetic |
|||
|
Arcanzio Capsule |
1 capsule of AKYNZEO |
1 hour before chemotherapy |
no one |
|
Dexamethasone 12 mg |
30 minutes before chemotherapy |
||
Preparation and administration of acyclovir for injection and acyclovir injection
AKYNZEO for injection and AKYNZEO injection are diluted for intravenous infusion. AKYNZEO for Injection and AKYNZEO Injection do not contain antibacterial preservatives, are for single use only, and are compatible with intravenous dexamethasone sodium phosphate, which can be added to AKYNZEO solution or infused simultaneously.
1. Preparation
See Table 2 for instructions for preparing AKYNZEO for injection.
Table 2: Preparation of AKYNZEO for Injection
|
first step |
Aseptically add 20 ml of 5% Dextrose Injection (USP) or 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection (USP) into the vial. Make sure the solvent is added to the bottle along the walls rather than spraying out to prevent Blister. Swirl the vial gently. |
|
Step 2 |
Aseptically prepare an infusion bottle or bag containing 30 ml of 5% glucose injection (USP or 0.9%) Sodium Chloride Injection, United States Pharmacopeia. |
|
Step 3 |
Aseptically withdraw the entire solution from the AKYNZEO vial and transfer it to an infusion vial or bag containing 30 mL of 5% Dextrose Injection, USP, or 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, total volume 50 ml. |
|
Step 4 |
Gently invert the vial or bag until completely dissolved. |
|
Step 5 |
Before administration, inspect the final diluted solution for particulate matter and discoloration. If particulates and/or discoloration are observed, discard vial or bag. |
2. Storage/reserve
Regardless of whether dexamethasone sodium phosphate is administered intravenously, the total time from reconstitution to initiation of infusion should not exceed 24 hours. Store reconstituted solutions and final diluted solutions at room temperature.
See Table 3 for preparation instructions for AKYZNEO Injection.
Table 3: Preparation of AKYNZEO injection
|
first step |
Before administration, check solution for particulate matter and discoloration. Discard vial if: Particulates and/or discoloration are observed. |
|
Step 2 |
Aseptically prepare an infusion bottle or bag containing 30 ml of 5% glucose injection (USP or 0.9%) Sodium Chloride Injection, United States Pharmacopeia. |
|
Step 3 |
Aseptically withdraw the entire solution from the AKYNZEO vial (20 mL) and transfer Inject into an infusion bottle or bag containing 30 ml of 5% glucose injection (USP) or 0.9% sodium chloride injection (USP) to bring the total volume to 50 ml. |
|
Step 4 |
Gently invert the vial or bag until completely dissolved. |
Step 5 |
Before administration, inspect the final diluted solution for particulate matter and discoloration. If particulates and/or discoloration are observed, discard vial or bag. |
Regardless of whether dexamethasone sodium phosphate is administered intravenously, the total time from dilution to initiation of infusion should not exceed 24 hours. Store the final diluted solution at room temperature.
3. Management
Administer as intravenous infusion over 30 minutes. At the end of the infusion, flush the infusion line with the same vehicle solution to ensure complete administration.
Incompatibilities between acyclovir for injection and acyclovir injection
AKYNZEO for Injection and AKYNZEO Injection are incompatible with any solution containing divalent cations (such as calcium, magnesium), including Lactated Ringer's Injection and Hartmann's Solution.
There are limited data regarding the compatibility of AKYNZEO for injection and AKYNZEO injection with other intravenous substances, additives, or other drugs (other than intravenous dexamethasone sodium phosphate) and they should not be added to AKYNZEO solution or infused concurrently. If the same intravenous line is used for the continuous infusion of multiple different drugs, flush the line with 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection (USP) before and after infusion of AKYNZEO solution.
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