利特昔替尼(LuciRit)导致的不良反应怎么治疗？

Introduction: Although ritexitinib has shown good efficacy in the treatment of alopecia areata, patients must also fully understand its possible side effects when using it, and use the drug rationally under the guidance of a doctor. For possible side effects of LuciRit, patients and doctors can take corresponding measures.

Adverse reactions caused by LuciRit

Adverse reactions mainly include the following aspects:

1. Skin adverse reactions: may include acne, rash, urticaria, folliculitis, atopic dermatitis and herpes zoster, etc.

2. Gastrointestinal adverse reactions: such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

3. Systemic adverse reactions: headache, fever, dizziness, stomatitis, etc.

4. Laboratory abnormalities: increased blood creatine phosphokinase and decreased red blood cell count.

5. Nervous system reactions: severe headache, confusion, slurred speech, arm or leg weakness, difficulty walking, loss of coordination, feeling unstable, very stiff muscles, high fever, profuse sweating or trembling, etc.

It also includes headache, fever, dizziness, stomatitis, etc. These side effects usually appear in the early stages of treatment, and most patients gradually adapt to it as they continue to use the drug, and the side effects will be reduced.

How to treat adverse reactions caused by LuciRit

1. Acne: Keep the skin clean, avoid using irritating cosmetics and skin care products, and wear loose, breathable clothing. Keep the affected area clean and dry, avoid scratching and rubbing, and change clothes frequently.

2. Nausea and vomiting: Take medicine after meals to reduce stomach discomfort. Choose light and easy-to-digest foods and avoid spicy and greasy foods. If symptoms persist or worsen, ask your doctor about anti-nausea medications.

3. Diarrhea: Mild diarrhea can be relieved by adjusting diet, increasing water intake, and avoiding intestinal irritating foods. If diarrhea continues to be severe, you should use antidiarrheal drugs as directed by your doctor.

4. Headache: Headache is usually temporary and can be relieved by rest and appropriate exercise. If the headache is severe or lasts for a long time, inform your doctor promptly.

5. Fever: When you have a fever, drink plenty of water to replenish your fluids, and rest appropriately. You can use physical cooling methods, such as warm water baths and cold compresses on your forehead. If the high fever persists, you can use antipyretic drugs such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen as directed by your doctor.

6. Dizziness: When dizzy, you should stay in bed and avoid getting up suddenly.

During the process of using ritexitinib, patients should maintain close communication with their doctors and promptly feedback their experience and discomfort symptoms to the doctor during the medication. The doctor will adjust the treatment plan according to the patient's specific situation to ensure better results during the treatment process.

Efficacy of LuciRit

A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study investigated the effect of LuciRit in patients with alopecia areata (n=718) aged 12 years and older. Patients in the study had scalp hair loss of 50 percent or more, including those with alopecia totalis (complete hair loss on the scalp) and alopecia universalis (complete hair loss on the scalp, face, and body), and were experiencing episodes of alopecia areata that lasted from six months to 10 years.

Patients were randomized to receive riteritinib 50 mg or 30 mg (riteritinib 200 mg once daily, one month before or one month after initial treatment), riteritinib 10 mg, or placebo.

The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who experienced scalp hair regrowth after treatment with ritexitinib, based on an absolute SALT score of ≤20 at week 24. SALT is a tool that measures the amount of hair loss on the scalp by dividing the scalp into standard areas, with each area contributing to an overall SALT score ranging from 0-100. A SALT score of 0 indicates no hair loss on the scalp, while a SALT score of 100 indicates a complete lack of hair on the scalp.

A significantly greater proportion of patients taking ritixitinib 30 to 50 mg daily (with or without initial treatment with 200 mg once daily for four weeks) experienced 20% or less scalp hair loss (absolute SALT score ≤20) after 24 weeks of treatment compared with placebo.